Assessment Solution for Analyzing Video Content Impact on Energy Consumption in Android Devices

Video Content Impact on the energy consumption when streaming to an android device

Introduction

Currently, smart phones bloomed as a user friendly platform in the world. The use of smart

phones has apparent an abiding and accelerated admission over time and space. These days,

any accommodation to buy a smart phone is one motivated by adeptness that a acceptable

smart phone can acquiesce you to achieve added than your anticipation irrespective of you

could whether able or claimed and tolerate the mobile expense.

However, as with a lot of added electronics bazaar spaces, there are an batty amount of

manufacturers and smart phones, authoritative allotment your next big gadget-related

investment a capricious proposition, if you accept not conducted acceptable analysis into all

accessible angles. There are enormous amount of requirements you charge to consider,

alignment from something as simple as amount and annual to whether or not you wish a

camera or a accurate affectionate of technology; even cast can play a big role in free what

you will eventually beefy for. The analysis conducted by GSM Arena on this affair threw up

a huge annual of criterion, from which baddest the ten a lot of important credibility you

should consider

Amusing Networking

Social networking refers to the use of online platforms that focus on architecture amusing

networks beyond the world, acceptance users to allotment accepted interests, notifications of

activities or contest and even circadian thoughts. The acceptance of platforms like Facebook,

Twitter and Google+ has developed exponentially in contempt times and shows no absolute

assurance of slowing down, advance that a smart phone able of seamlessly amalgam with any

one or all of the above casework is a must.

According to the survey, 53.2 percent of users polled tend to amend and apprehend statuses

as able-bodied as upload photographs to their networking accounts every day, while addition

26.6 percent do so occasionally. A lot of common users are, logically, enough, the adolescent

ancestors (up to 24 years old) are a lot of alive and annual for about 60 percent.

Demography Photos

Smart phones users accept continued realised the account of an acceptable camera on their

phones and manufacturers accept hastened to accede with their requests. The analysis

suggests that 98.6 percent of polled users are common users of their smart phone's cameras -

teenagers are most common (take photographs every day) compared to humans over the age

of 50 (take photographs already a week). Women tend to use the camera's appropriate

appearance added generally than men, who, however, retaliate by demography added

photographs.

Listening To Music

As abundant as 60.7 percent of polled users said they accept to music on their phones every

day, while addition 34.6 percent said they do so occasionally. In effect, added than 95 percent

of humans with smart phones use their phones as abundant as carriage able music players as

annihilation else.

Watch Online Videos

Perhaps unsurprisingly, men are added acceptable than women to watch videos online and

these usually tend to be music videos or abbreviate banana clips and GSM Arena claims their

acceptance is about bi fold that of approved films.

Business Wire appear a 34 percent admission in accessing videos on smart phones over the

accomplished year and that 52 percent of all smart phone videos are watched at home, amid 5

message and 11 pm.

Adaptable Gaming

Naturally, the adventure of adaptable gaming is a big acumen to buy a smart phone,

decidedly back the high-end accessories like the anew launched Samsung Galaxy S3 sports

such absurd cartoon and processing power. Predictably, adaptable gaming is a lot of accepted

a part of youngsters, with 60 percent adequate amateur every day. The absorption in

adaptable gaming seems to abatement with age though; the feature's all-embracing account is

abandoned 47.7 percent. Finally, the analysis suggests women are beneath ardent by

adaptable amateur than men.

Web Browsing

According to the survey, 78.6 percent of all users browse the web on their phones daily. In

fact, abandoned one in 80 respondents has never done so. Women and Men over 50 years of

age tend to use the web beneath generally than adolescent men do.

Installing New Apps

Unlike acceptable corpuscle phones, smart phones acquiesces the users to install apps of their

choice. According to the survey, abandoned 45 percent of the user’s analysis the app food

every day, while the absolute visitors who tend to browse the app food is bi fold that number.

Naturally, teenagers are the most common users, while women and humans over 50 hardly

browse the app stores.

Send SMS

One of a lot of accessible advantages of any adaptable phone, let abandoned a smart phone, is

the adeptness to text. Although its acceptance has waned a little over the years, the address

says as abundant as 78.7 percent of polled users affirm texting is something they do often

Anxiety clock

Interestingly, according to the survey, an absolute of 97.8 percent of all buzz users use the

anxiety alarm feature; 82.7 percent use it every day. The letters advance humans in the age

accumulation of 25 - 32 use it the most, while the youngest (under-18) and the oldest (over

50) rarely do so.

Adaptable internet usage

Finally, the allurement of adaptable Internet on the go makes for a actual acceptable way of

accessing the Internet from a smart phone, via a USB modem. According to the survey, over

90 percent of all the users admission the Internet (71 percent do so every day). Incidentally,

teenagers account beneath boilerplate on this count, possibly because of the top amount of

application the Internet.

Rising use of smart phones in the world

The use of smart phones has been found to escalating. According to the statistical study from

eMarketer (2013), reports that more than 1.4 billion of world population owns the smart

phones, this has increased to 6% from the 2009 statistics. Moreover, it has been expected that

this will exceed and reach nearly 1.76 billion by the end of 2014.

All over the world, consumers about the smart phones are hasty into the cuddle of the digital

market, according to new statistical figures from eMarketer on common mobile phone usage.

It was identified that the Asia-Pacific customer’s adds up for nearly half of the world’s total

population of smart phone users this year, according to the eMarketer statistical likelihood,

accrediting up to 951.0 million. Among the other parts of the world, South Korea is the

world’s top most in agreement of smart phone usage, and these accessories were in the easily

of added than half of its population as indigenous in 2012. Australia followed carefully

behind, acceptable them alone added country in Asia-Pacific to accept added than half of its

citizenry for the application of smart phones in 2013; this year, Japan possess the 50% view

point as well in regard to the smart phone usage. China may not be able to achieve the

majority or domination in the market of -Smart phones cachet until 2018; nevertheless,

eMarketer reports, its smart phone user abject is already the better in the world by far—

totalling 521.7 million this year. Added arising markets in Asia-Pacific will not be capable to

reach the 50% smart phone assimilation during our anticipation period.

According to the recent statistics of US online video viewers from the year 2008 to 2014, it

has been found to increase from 59.7% to 77% (eMarketer, 2014)

Classification of video quality

The recent days of digital era were accumulated with Android, iOS and other related

platforms supports various types of multimedia content in the smart phones reports

Mohammed et al (2013). There are two major ways to predict the video quality, which is

namely, quality of experience (QoE) and secondly quality of service (QoS). According to the

Verdolini (2013), recommending that quality of experience and quality of service must be

improved contemporarily in order to cater the emerging needs of the smart phone users.

Video alive sessions are now accidental to enhance our life acquaintance and will be even

added present in our professional and claimed activities in approaching generation networks.

The administration of those sessions for anchored and mobile users with Quality of Service

(QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) abutment is a key affair to allure and keep customers,

while accretion the profits of providers and optimizes arrangement resources. From the

arrangement point of view, this claiming is mainly due to the abridgement of able packet

distribution ascendancy techniques and the activating behaviour of shared active and wireless

resources. From the user point of view, video alive sessions with QoE abutment have to be

accessible anytime and anywhere. (David et al, 2012)

Traditional QoS-based schemes, such as Differentiated Service (DiffServ) and Integrated

Service (IntServ), aim to assure the superior akin of video sessions in a networking ambiance

based on a set of network measurement and ascendancy operations. Also David et al (2012)

argues that currently approaches provide QoS assurances for video alive sessions according

to network/packet-based metrics. Examples of these metrics are throughput, packet loss,

adjournment and jitter, which do not announce the absolute appulse on the video superior

akin from the user point of view. Consequently, absolute QoS ambit fail in capturing video

aspects associated with the Human Visual System (HVS) as able-bodied as in video anatomy

adaptation control.

In adjustment to optimize the acceptance of arrangement assets and increases the video

superior level, QoS ascendancy schemes have to be performed demography into annual the

accepted network conditions, video characteristics and QoE support. With this goal in mind,

an access that combines QoS adaptation control, multimedia CODEC and animal perception

experience is required. This board introduces the QoS/QoE Adaptive Video Control (2QAV)

band-aid that optimizes the acceptance of network resources, while befitting video sessions

with acceptable quality akin in bottleneck periods. The 2QAV access is based on the

allocation of QoS and QoE adaptation operations. By authoritative the bottom ward of

packets according to the accent of anniversary video frame, 2QAV adapts video sessions to

the accepted arrangement altitude and reduces the impact of packet losses on the user

perspective. This paper studies 2QAV in a DiffServ Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)

environment, area DiffServ provides scalable traffic adverse and QoS assurances for MPEG

sessions. Additionally, simulation after-effects present the allowances of 2QAV in befitting

video sessions with adequate superior levels in bottleneck periods, by allegory Peak Signal-

to-Noise Rati (PSNR), Video Superior Metric (VQM), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM)

and Mean Option Score (MOS) QoE metrics. Moreover, the allotment of packet losses for

different adaptive ascendancy approaches during bottleneck periods is as well measured.

(David et al, 2012)

Quality of Experience

A study depicted by Zhenyun et al (2010 ), instructs that several video and cold methods

abide to measure the superior akin and ascertain impairments of video sessions. Subjective

methods access advice about the superior level of processed video based on animal appraisal

account schemes, while cold methods are acclimated to appraisal the performance of video

systems by application mathematic models that approximate after-effects of video superior

assessment. The PSNR is a acceptable cold metric acclimated to measure the video superior

akin based on aboriginal and processed video sequences. Several video and cold methods

abide to measure the superior akin and ascertain impairments of video sessions.

Subjective methods access advice about the superior level of processed video based on

human appraisal account schemes, while cold methods are acclimated to appraisal the

performance of video systems by application mathematic models that approximate after-

effects of video superior assessment. The PSNR is an acceptable cold metric acclimated to

measure the video superior akin based on aboriginal and processed video sequences in the

evaluation process. The SSIM metric is based on frame-to frame measuring of three

apparatus (luminance similarity, contrast affinity and structural similarity) and combining

them into a individual value, alleged index. The SSIM basis is a decimal amount amid 0 and

1, area 0 agency zero correlation with the aboriginal image, and 1 agency the exact same

image. Additionally, based on the aboriginal and processed video, the VQM metric outputs a

amount from 0 to 5 (0 is the best accessible score) to present the video superior akin based on

human eye acumen and subjectivity aspects, including blurring, all-around noise, block

baloney and blush baloney Video metrics appraise how video streams are perceived by users.

A lot of acceptable video metric is named MOS. The superior akin of a video arrangement

based on MOS model is rated on a calibration of 1 to 5, area 5 is the best possible score

(Zhenyun et al, 2010)

Quality of Service

Study from Ramona et al (2012), the array of video applications and casework has been

steadily growing. They cover added complete casework such as advertisement television,

pay-per-view, and video on demand, as able-bodied as newer models for supply of video over

the internet to computers and over blast systems to adaptable accessories such as acute

phones. Niche markets for actual top superior video for telepresence are arising as are added

abstinent superior channels for video conferencing. As these casework and applications

become added broadly deployed, new business models are arising and the charge for

accurate, and in abounding cases real-time, video superior appraisal is acceptable added

important. Conceivably, a lot of accessible use of automatic superior appraisal is in superior

affirmation of end-user video. Today, arrangement operators and agreeable providers do not

apperceive if their users are accepting video of unacceptably low quality. The abasement in

superior could be due to arrangement errors or poor compression (perhaps an adulterated

transcoder or one burden at too low a bit rate). With afterimage into the end-user quality,

problems can be particular and possibly corrected. At the least, the chump accord can be

bigger managed with cold acceptance of the supply of video at bereft superior levels.

An additional important use of automatic quality of service appraisal is as a cold altitude for

account akin agreements (SLA). Video is not anesthetized anon from the agreeable buyer to

the adaptable device, but it is handled by an amount of altered parties afore it alcove the

viewer, such as admission portals, agreeable supply networks (CDN’s), courage services, and

one or added cellular operators. Anniversary affair may adapt the video beck (typically a

transcoding or transrating) for able carriage through their specific arrangement and

appropriately potentially abase the superior of aboriginal antecedent video reported by

Ramona et al (2012).

At the yearly handoff point, the companies hardly accept agreements anecdotic the akin of

account they will provide. This is generally in agreement of arrangement availability, in

accession to added Quality of Service (QoS) measures such as absurdity rates, latency, and

packet supply jitter. These measures calculation all packet losses appropriately and do not

abduction perceptual superior degradations due to transcoding. Thus, the customer can accept

poor superior video even if all SLAs are met. SLAs for video agreeable that cover automatic

superior appraisal measures will advance the perceptual superior of the video accustomed by

the consumer (Ramona et al, 2012).

Some internet account providers and adaptable account providers’ action assorted tiers of

service. Consumers can accept a college bank of account by paying more. Often, these tiers

are based on bandwidth (more money buys a beyond best bit rate or best amount of bytes per

month). Consumers, however, don’t anticipate in agreement of bytes per month. Another

adjustment would be too abject the tiers on the superior of video delivered. An abject bank

would bear a basic, low resolution, awful aeroembolism video. At college tiers, the video

superior would improve. This is akin to accoutrement HD video at a college amount than SD.

In adjustment to ascendancy the superior of the delivered video (just top abundant to

accommodated the expectations of the tier), acceptable automatic superior appraisal measures

are needed.

Networks can be advised to accommodate ambition QoS levels based on packet accident

rates, latency, and packet supply jitter and some networks are instrumented to accredit

ecology of these values. But these videos accommodate an actual inaccurate appraisal of the

perceptual video quality. Incorporation of automatic measures of perceptual superior as a

supplement to acceptable QoS measures can abundantly advance the achievement of

networks that carriage video content (Ramona et al, 2012).

Factors that affect energy of android phones

Nowadays, the greatest inconvenience while using the android phones is saving the energy. It

has become a crucial implication also fastly growing demand among consumers and

researchers are also gaining more and more attention towards this in order to improve the

energy efficiency in the android phones. The factors may be network loading, usage of

location based applications (LBA) which renders in assisting the users for the access of social

networking sites, access to the video applications. Researchers have identified and proposed

numerous solutions for this issue (Zhenyun et al, 2010). This paper deals with the impact of

video accessing towards the energy issues in the android phones.

According to the recent works from Yi-Fan et al (2013), reported the launch delay due to the

usage of multimedia applications in the android mobile phones. To barrage applications

quickly, avant-garde adaptable systems such as Android usually accumulate abeyant

applications in the accomplishments and administer them through an LRU-based action stack.

Whenever the user wants to run and collaborate with the multimedia applications again, that

appliance can be switched a back into the beginning bound from the action assemblage after

adjournment in initializing the applications anew. Since accomplishments multimedia

applications generally continuously absorb the array ability of the acute phone, the claiming

is to after effect of the usage of the delay in the launching of the multimedia application

antithesis amid appliance stream suspension and battery lifetime. In this article, author also

adduces the modern appliance administration strategies that abolish “unbeneficial”

accomplishments applications to save activity and pre-launch “beneficial” applications to

advance the appliance barrage delay. The proposed strategies are evaluated through a trace-

driven simulation and a real experiment. The after-effects appearance that the boilerplate

appliance barrage adjournment can be bargain by 15% while the boilerplate array lifetime is

added by 18%.

Moreover, Ramona et al (2012), reports that the connected advance of video agreeable

creates challenges for network account providers in ensuring a seamless multimedia

experience at top superior levels to the end-user. One possible solution to accord with this

access of adaptable broadband abstracts is to use Wi-Fi offload. WLAN networks accept had

an important impact in the breadth of adaptable communications and their use has grown

decidedly in forthcoming years (e.g., continued coverage, low-latency, power-efficient

connection, bargain loads, etc.).

The Wi-Fi offload band-width is already adopted by abounding service providers, (e.g.,

Deutsche Telekom and iPad launched Wi-Fi Mobilize1). This band-width enables alteration

of some cartage from the amount cellular arrangement to Wi-Fi during the period of its high

demands. Thus, users can avail of an extra account offering. However, the overall experience

is still far from optimal as accoutrement top quality mobile video casework with QoS

(Quality of Service) provisioning over resource-constrained wireless networks remains a

challenge. Moreover user mobility, as able-bodied as the heterogeneity of adaptable

accessories (e.g., altered operating systems, affectation size, CPU capabilities, array

limitations, etc.), and the advanced ambit of the video-centric applications (e.g., VoD (Video

On Demand), video games, video conferences, etc.), opens up the appeal for user-centric

solutions that adapt the appliance to the basal arrangement altitude and device characteristics.

Another study by Jiao et al (2011), the transmission of the multimedia information through

android smart phones possesses potential drawbacks such as Wi-Fi networking bandwidth

limitations and power. To abutment assorted adaptable video applications, it is analytical to face

these challenges. To present an architecture framework that brings calm several key ideas to

accredit energy-efficient adaptable video management applications. First, it is beneficial to

off-the-shelf smart phones as adaptable video sensors. Second, accordingly with video

recordings, to access geospatial sensor meta-data to describe the videos. Third, it was

immediately uploaded to the meta-data via a server to accredit low cessation video search.

This last footfall allows for actual energy-efficient transmissions, as the sensor abstracts sets

are baby and the beefy video abstracts can be uploaded on demand, if and if needed.

Mobile multimedia applications accept affiliated the typical challenges of adaptable accretion

such as accommodation constraints of the array and wireless bandwidth bottlenecks.

Considering that both the video abduction and wireless transmission of ample amounts of

video abstracts with adaptable accessories are highly power intensive, it is axiological to

calmly administer the battery power. Furthermore, adaptable video applications introduce

new challenges such as the search ability of online videos, abnormally in ample calibration

applications; because open domain video agreeable is actual difficult to be calmly and

accurately searched (Jiao et al, 2011).

There are currently two accustomed approaches to make video agreeable searchable. First,

there is a cogent body of analysis on content-based video retrieval, which employs techniques

that abstract appearance based on the beheld signals of a video. While advance has been

actual significant in this area, the semantic gap amid anecdotic the low level appearance and

acquainted important semantic capacity in the videos is still wide. Achieving top accurateness

with these techniques is generally bound to specific domains such as sports or account

content, and applying it to all-embracing video repositories creates cogent scalability

problems. The second access utilizes searchable argument annotations associated with the

video content; about high-level concepts must often be added manually, apprehension this

adjustment ineffective for ample video repositories. Furthermore, these argument annotations

can be cryptic and subjective (Jiao et al, 2011).

Jiao et al (2011) also suggests that recent abstruse trends accept opened addition avenue that

fuses abundant added accurate, accordant contextual information with videos: the

circumstantial accumulating of sensor generated geospatial meta-data. The accession of multi

sourced geospatial abstracts into a standalone meta-data tag allows video agreeable to be

particular by the amount of precise, objective geospatial characteristics. For example, current

generation smart phones accept GPS receivers, compasses, and accelerometers all anchored

into a small, portable, energy efficient package. When aggregated, the consistent meta-data

can accommodate a absolute and calmly identifiable archetypal of a video’s arresting scene,

which can abutment a scalable organization, search, and alive of ample calibration video

repositories

Mohammed et al (2013) also debates that Fast Caching and Throttling are activated by the server,

admitting video players apply Bitrate and ON-OFF mechanisms by base TCP breeze control

mechanism over Fast Caching and Throttling respectively. In Bitrate streaming, the amateur

accidentally triggers TCP breeze ascendancy because the amateur has too small playback

absorber compared to the bulk of agreeable the server offers. In ON-OFF, the amateur

advisedly pauses and resumes download, and this address is activated only in Android

phones.

The assay reveals that in smart phones altered techniques are activated with little or no

consensus: different techniques are acclimated by altered audience to admission the same

account in the aforementioned context. For example, Android accessories use three altered

techniques for YouTube videos. The alternative of those techniques depends on the quality of

the video and the player. However, the strategy selection does not depend on the wireless

interface being used for alive and thus, arrangement operators do not play any role

(Mohammed et al, 2013)

When watching a complete video, Fast Caching is the most activity able address for both Wi-

Fi and 3G access. If the user is acceptable to arrest the video viewing, ON-OFF alive is added

attractive, but the ON period duration should be adapted to bout Fast Start period in

adjustment to abstain server amount throttling. However, none of the particular techniques is

optimal because they do not adapt to the wireless admission technology, user behaviour, and

preferences. There is an ample aberration in playback activity consumption between altered

types of amateur and containers on the same device. The differences are due to inefficient

player implementation. However, the video superior (resolution) does not assume to accept

an ample impact (Mohammed et al, 2013).

Conclusion

This paper briefly elucidated about the strong limitations over the multimedia data transfer in

the android smart phones. With the advent of the digital era, people especially, teen agers and

youngsters actively procure smart phones which are available in the market. Since

multimedia applications are massively important for the social networking, these smart

phones soon loses its energy. Such drawbacks are dealt in this paper. This paper reasons out

the basics of these energy inefficiencies. Moreover, this paper also addresses the novel

findings of other researchers who contributed the solutions for such problems. Finally,

current energy efficient models still possess limitations so novel model has to be identified in

order to cater people’s demands.