Research Report | How does different fall prevention strategy help to reduce falls in elderly?

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Research Question:

How does different fall prevention strategy help to reduce falls in elderly?

The prevention of falls among the elderly has been described as being the biggest risk linked to harming their health. Due to old age,

weakmuscle and brittle muscle the elderly are venerable to experiencing serious injuries as a result of small falls and this makes it very important

for avoid the falls if possible. These has resulted in making fall prevention strategy development an important training requirementsamong the

physiotherapy and other medical staff since it will allow the individual to avoid falls which could lead to injury(Hill, et al., 2011).

There have been several different studies performed on the fall and injury prevention which has resulted in greatly improving the strategies

used by elderly towards preventing falls. It has become important to understand each of these strategies since they provide a different approach

linked to how falls occur and their cause which results in reducing the amount of injuries occurring. Knowledge and approaches also require to

be compared to identify the most suitable and reliable practices which will reduce the risk or danger and help reduce severity of

injuries(Anderson & Willson, 2009).

Prevention has always been better than cure and it’s important to consider developing preventions approaches which will reduce the risk offalls

which lead to injuries. This all falls back on the patients and elderly who also require being educated regarding the different aspects and risk and

how they require dealing with them. Offering fall prevention education and advice will help educate the elderly and their care takers on

approaches which will reduce the risk of falling(Iinattiniemi, 2009). By eliminating hazards the elderly are less likely to experience life threatening

falls thus allowing them to life longer and healthier lives. Prevention strategies begins with offering education which is the foundation stone

linked to preventing injuries as it helps educate the individuals on risk assessment and danger avoidance.

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Summarise Four Primary Research Articles

Write a summary paragraph of your 4 research articles using the five step format you learned in Week 2.

Paper 1

Impact of a multifaceted community-based falls prevention program on balance-related psychologic factors. - Filiatrault, J. et al., (2008)

Impact of a multifaceted community-based falls prevention program on balance-related psychologic factors.. Archives of Physical Medicine and

Rehabilitation, vol. 89(no. 10,), pp. pp. 1948-1957.

The journal article emphasizes on the importance of teaching the elderly regarding balance strategies which helps with improving balance and

preventing falls. These strategies have been identified to play an important role towards building the individual’s confidence while developing

their balance which results in them learning to remain in a stable balanced position all the time.

The study took in 200 elderly members of a community and offered 1 hours training twice a week for 12 weeks before testing them to

determine the results. The exercise was broken down in to 30 minutes of physical exercises and 30 minutes of educations studies which helped

the individuals identify ways of retaining improved levels of balance. All members included to the group were above the age of 60 as this is the

age most prone to falling and also the dangerous period when patients experience serious injuries which take long to heal.

The study reported both success and failure with regard to training the elderly on fall prevention since it’s clear that the elderly did learn new

ways of improving their balance and remaining up right and avoiding to fall over but this was clearly not enough to prevent falls from occurring.

The study fails to demonstrate an approach linked to educating the elderly linked to additional factors and points which contribute towards falls

and injuries which require to also beingkept in mind. Aspect such as the ability to keep an eye out for hazards such as bumps and steps of other

objects on the path failed to be demonstrated resulting in the elderly only concentrating on balance rather then also concentrating on additional

hazards that could cause slipping or tripping and falling(Costello & Edelstein, 2008).

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Paper 2

Effects of a multifactorial fall prevention program on fall incidence and physical function in community-dwelling older adults with risk of falls.-

Lee, H. et al., (2012) Effects of a Multifactorial Fall Prevention Program on Fall Incidence and Physical Function in Community-dwelling Elderly

with Risk of Fall. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 94(4), pp. 606-615 .

This article has been identified to take a broader and more effective approached linked to fall prevention training by offering both balance,

educational and practical observations linked to fall prevention. The study takes in subjects who have been meticulously selected and exhibited

a history linked to falling. The age group taken in is also considerably older with most fall prevention trainees aged above their 76 and 77 which

is a period when most elderly people experience falls.

The subjects are equality distributed by gender and offered a 3 month training program which involves training from different front including

theory, balance and hazard identification. Hazards have been identified to be the biggest reason linked to elderly people falling and an important

part of the training as it allows the individuals to secure high quality information linked to identifying hazards which will greatly reduce the risk

of falling.

This research has managed to achievemuch more effective results due to the researchers combining practical, theory a well as observatory

approaches linked to fall management. This is important since it allows the elderly membersof society to learn the safe approaches linked to

managing falls and how to avoid the dangers and risk associated to falling(Johnson, et al., 2011).The study not only trains individuals on learning

to remain safe and avoid tripping or slipping but goes on to also provide advise on how to fallin case the situation does arise. Rather than fall

uncontrollablyit’s important for the individual to manage their fall if possible to limit the injuries they sustain thus also reducing the recovery.

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Paper 3

Effectiveness of a Multifactorial Intervention Program to Reduce Falls Incidence among Community-Living Older Adults: A Randomized

Controlled Trial. - Perula, L. et al., (2012) Effectiveness of a multifactorial intervention program to reduce falls incidence among community-

living older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol. 93(1), pp. 1677-1684.

Perula, et al also perform an investigating linked to the reducing the occurrenceof falls among 404 elderly members and residents of the

community to determine the most effective fall reduction. This research was broken down in to two groups namely the intervention and control

groups. These two groups where provide with different training programs to determine the most effective approach linked to educating the

elderly membersof society since many tend to develop strong links to their habits which they require to change to avoid experiencing injuries

results in from falls(Källstrand‐Eriksson, et al., 2013).

The study took certain aspects linked toadult training and the re-education of the way people viewed the approaches such as the requiring of

how the elderly observed the ground and their surroundings. This is important since the individual requires changing the way they observe their

surrounding since this can lead to serious accidents. Many falls experienced by elderly members ofsociety occur due to the individual’sfailing to

observe their surrounding which results in them tripping and falling. The training concentrates on teaching the elderly members of society on

approaches they can take with regard to avoiding these accidents by remaining observed with regard to their balance as well as the obstacle

around them.

One must be able to observe their step as well as obstacles above their head to avoid those experiencing accidents which could result in the

individual falling and getting injured. According to the research the individuals also require to change the pace in life where they require slowing

down and payingcloser attention to their surroundings to avoid experiencing falls.

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Paper 4

Preventative effect of exercise against falls in the elderly: a randomized controlled trial. - Iwamoto, J. et al., (2009) Preventative

effect of exercise against falls in the elderly: a randomized controlled trial. Osteoporosis International, 20(7), pp. 1233-1240.

This study was performed on a smaller group of elderly individuals only consistingof 68 members and the study was performed on a much wider

variety of exercises which helps develop the patients mentally as well as physically which was a very important towards them mastering the skill

of balance and avoiding to fall. Combining the different daily exercise, body balance training, muscle training and walk training over a 3 week

period resulted in delivering a huge effect on the programs. All the patients managed to build their muscle, balance and coordination as well as

awareness linked to their surrounding thus helping reduce the risk of falls considerably(Lach, et al., 2011).

This was mainly due to the patients and test subjects being placed in situation where they encounter different situation thus allowing them to

master the skill of preparedness. Practically participating on different unexpected practical practice sessions was very important since it allowed

the patients to develop the though behind their mind that this was an exercise aimed at picking on the inattentiveness and failing would defiantly

result in a realistic fall. While most of the test session was well documented and the required medical and safety professionals on hand, no trainee

fell during the training session simply because they knew this was a test aimed at explaining their vulnerabilities.

The training offered important insight linked to the learning process of elderly subjects especially when they know they are at danger and this is

due to them understanding the risks. No person wants to experience an injury from a fall so offering hazardous training helps rewire the mind in to

developing the right approaches linked to avoiding falls and avoiding dangers.

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Discussion

Compare and contrast the findings of each research paper. Ensure that your analysis explains why your research papers are relevant andhowthe findings enableyou to answer the research question. Identify any gaps in knowledge or practice. Discussion should be supported by additional relevant literature.

The purpose of the examining the different papers is to determine the different approaches linked to training elderlymembersofsociety towards

mastering anti fall techniques. It’s important that the different approaches have been adopted since they offer different approaches linked to

training and will help the individual mastering different perspectives linked to training programme. It’s important for trainees to master specific

approaches linked to the learning process. There are huge benefits linked to the comparing different training programs as well as perspectives

since this allows the trainees to determine more suitable approaches which can be used to offer more helpful insight linked to fall prevention or

avoidance(Ryu, et al., 2009). Its cleat the first and second and fourth article namely Effects of a multifactorial fall prevention program on fall

incidence and physical function in community-dwelling older adults with risk of falls and Preventative effect of exercise against falls in the

elderly: a randomized controlled trial have adopting an acceptable approach where that adopt a wide verity of approaches linked to the training

program which exposed the elderly trainers to a wider verity of training approaches which greatly reduces their exposure and allows them to adopt

safer approaches linked to avoiding falls.

The other articles are less effective towards the training of elderly members of sociality since they adopt theoretical approaches which results in

the elderly membersofsociety simply learning the requirements but not practicing them practically. On the first article itImpact of a multifaceted

community-based falls prevention program on balance-related psychological factors elderly people are mainly offered balance training which

results in them developing exceptional balance during the training but fail to consider other aspects linked to falling. On this paper the authors and

researchers have taken little or no regard to 3rd party aspect which could result in causing falls. An individual must also be able to analysis their

surroundings to avoid experiencing serious falls from tripping or since even the best balance cannot prevent a fall if the individual fails to watch

their step.

Article 3 concentrates on a single form of training which results in seriously impairing the elderly individuals training approaches since they fail to

experience the required exposure. There is a huge drawback to offering low quality training approaches to the elderly trainers since they fail to

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secure the required information. In all, a successful training program will require to rewire many to the elderly individual’s approaches since many

fail to address all aspect which require to be discussed(Hanley, et al., 2010). Training requires taking all dimensions in to perspective since this

allows the individuals to secure the required training and adapt the required changes to their life style. Adapting the dangers one faces is very

important since this results in reducing the risks.

By studying the 4 above articlesit’s clear that a good trainer requires compiling different aspects linked to the training programs so as to develop a

suitable approach. Training adults requires for their current ways to thinking which may have been cemented to their brains for years. This is no

simply task and many people will simply avoid this due to them having matured following different approaches. It’s important to combine the

positive aspects linked to the process since these are the most effective with age the approaches require to be reinforced forcefully in some

situation for the individual to make the required changes and adaptations.

Conclusion

Summarize the major points in a synthesized non-repetitive manner, clear future directions for research.

The above article clearly demonstrates the need to provide a wide verity of training both practical, theoretical and hazard obstacle training(Rob,

et al., 2006). In addition to this there is also lots on need for the individual to perform addition muscle training since this provide the individual

to adequate muscle development which is very important towards therebalance as well as reaction time. Reaction and reflex play a huge role

towards preventing falls since elderly individuals develop the muscle to support quick reflexes which will prevent the individual from fallingin

case they trip or slip. Obstacle training also help build a direct relation to danger all around the individual who learn to constantly beware of

their surroundings to avoid experience any falls or other danger(Ireland, 2013). A combination of training techniques and approaches is very

important towards perfecting the individual’s skills and this is only achievable when the trainers offer a wide verity of products which will deliver

the above mention factors.