Waste Management Strategies and Economic Impact in the Australian Cruise Ship Tourism Industry

NotesMonkey

Cruise Tourism Assessment

Table of Contents

Abstract .................................................................................................................................. 3

Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4

The Concept of Waste Management ...................................................................................... 5

Types of Waste Management ............................................................................................. 8

A Generalisation of Waste Management in Australia ............................................................ 9

The system of collection of the waste in Australia ............................................................. 9

The Fleet Technology of Waste Collection ...................................................................... 10

A Brief Description of the Cruise Ship Tourism Industry of Australia ............................... 11

The Economic Impact of Cruise Ship Tourism Industry of Australia ................................. 12

The Economic Effect of Waste Management ...................................................................... 13

Initiative of Australian Government towards Waste Management ...................................... 15

The Waste Hierarchy ........................................................................................................ 16

Waste Management in Cruise Ship Tourism Industry of Australia ..................................... 17

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 18

References ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Abstract

This study is going to be represented as a report format. Therefore, this study is going to be

started with a brief abstract of the report which will reflect the whole production of the

particular report. An introductory analysis of the report will be there. This section will briefly

analyse the whole presentation and requirements of the report. The introduction of the report

will focus on the conclusive end of the report also where the recommendations against the

loopholes can come forward will be present. According to Diedrich (2010), rich and

expressive body of the report will focus on the key pillars of the analysis which are the Cruise

Ship Tourism Industry, the waste management and the related economic issues and factors

which will be going to be resolved and analysed successively. After taking a brief concept on

these three pillars of analysis of this report, the connection among these three pillars is going

to be analysed. This is the prime focus of this report. A new dimension of the waste

management is going to be disclosed in this report in the ground of Cruise Ship Tourism

Industry and a later section of the report will produce a descriptive analysis of the economic

effect of the waste management in the whole economy too (Mak, 2008). A brief description

related to environmental issues and its connection with waste management will be present in

the report to enrich the concept of waste management. At the end of the analysis the

conclusion of the write up will be drawn with the recommendations to the present scenario of

the analysis which has the reflection to improve the process, technology, legal hindrance etc.

associated with the current analysis (Sustainabletourismonline.com, 2015).

Introduction

This project report is going to describe the application of waste management in Cruise Ship

Tourism Industry. Then it is also taken into consideration of the analysis that there are several

economic impacts on the particular company of the in Cruise Ship Tourism Industry which

takes part in the waste management initiatives (Wagner, 2013).

This analysis will typically analyse that the waste management can fix not only the

environmental issues related to pollution but also the economic issues which explores the

concept of recycling. As per Seaborn (2008), waste management can be defined as the

measurement or the activity taken not only to remove the wastes but also to use the waste for

further use. The waste management has several dimensions to research on in the aspect of

modern technology, global warming, safer and healthier environment. The whole process of

waste management is comprised of several steps. The initial step is to collect the wastes.

More specifically it can be said that for better waste management the organisation should not

only collect the waste but also the organisation should concentrate to pluck the waste from a

piled up waste because the use of all type of resources are not equal. Therefore, the

segregation of the resources is very much important to the organisation. The collected waste

has to be transported to the refinery and then the sorted out resources are transplanted into its

proper destination where the waste will be ultimately utilised (Altobelli, 2008). Therefore,

starting from the inception to the end of the process where new products are evolved from the

wasted materials, a strong monitoring and high regulation is badly required. The whole

process should go through a regulatory process. Here, the presence of law of the respective

government is mandatory to monitor and control the quality of the whole process. The reason

behind this is that the environmental atmosphere for the future of the nation and also the

economic condition of the economy is badly dependent on the activities of the waste

management (Lee and Ramdeen, 2013). This report is going to reflect these issues related to

the waste management on the ground of the Cruise Ship Tourism Industry of Australia.

The Concept of Waste Management

As in 2002, “Green Casino” in Australia was honoured with Australian Hotels Association’s

National Award for Excellence saved $380,000 by fine tuning operations and maintenance.

The hotel also aimed at removing all the waste to landfill altogether to cope up with the

concept of waste management (WME, 2015). The waste management is a procedure to use

the waste and to produce a new product to keep the world environment healthier. The waste

management process is another name of the process of sustainable development by

substituting the non-renewable sources with the sources which are used as waste (Geng et al,

2009). Waste Management discards the items, products and substances that can be utilized as

a part of a protected and proficient way. A pictorial representation of waste management is

shown below.

Fig 1: Waste Management

Source: Geng et al, 2009

The waste management process tells us regarding the utilisation of garbage as an important

source to collect the resources. Waste Management is a scientific management process that

every last family unit and entrepreneur on the planet needs to implement in their living and

working places. Waste Management is treated as the particular procedure of treating strong

squanders and offers an assortment of answers for reusing things that don't have a place with

rubbish (Susset and Grathwohl, 2011).

As per the statistics, Australia is liable to produce near about 100 million tons of resources on

an average in each year (Zoran, Djordje, and Jelena, 2013). But it is also true that there are

some other countries in the world which leave much more waste in the environment than

Australia. Waste management is that arrangement, a preferably complex process that involves

more than 20 distinct commercial industries of the country. The emergence of waste

management process is a new concept in the Cruise Ship Tourism Industry of Australia

because there are very few companies of this industry of Australia has implemented this

process. Zoran, Djordje, and Jelena (2013) have stated that now days, both the environmental

association of Australia as well as government of the country is concern with the issues

related to the amount of waste produced by the country each year and so they have a prime

focus on the waste management process to utilise the huge amount of waste as the resources

of new products. These waste management processes are beneficial for community,

businesses, visitors, and land and heritage managers.

Fig 2: Positive Outcomes of Waste Management

Source: Pinnock, 2012

Types of Waste Management

There are several methods of waste management available in the world. According to

Pinnock, F. (2012), these are – landfills, recycling, fermentation, incineration, composting,

land application etc. In this section, brief descriptions of the major waste management will be

discussed below.

Landfills

The Landfill is a broadly used methodology for waste exchange used today. This strategy of

waste management focuses thought on covering the waste in a particular range of land. There

is a strategy used that discards the scents and dangers of waste before it is put into the

ground. Landfills are found in all zones. This technique is ending up being less these days in

spite of the way that, as a result of the nonattendance of space available and the strong region

of methane and other landfill gasses, both of which can realize different pollution issues

(Pinnock, 2012). While it is honest to goodness this is the most understood kind of waste

exchange it is without a doubt far from the fundamental strategy and one that may in like

manner convey with it a gathering of space.

Plasma gasification

Plasma gasification is a different type of process to manage waste. Plasma may be either an

essentially an electrically charged or a very ionized gas. With this strategy for waste transfer

into resources, a vessel utilizes trademark plasma lights working at +10,000 °F which is

making a gasification zone till 3,000 °F for the change of strong or fluid squanders into a

syngas (Lasserre and Tatu, 2013). On account of this procedure, pulverization of waste and

hazardous materials is found. Amid the treatment strong waste by plasma gasification, the

waste's sub-atomic bonds are separated as after effect of the extreme warmth in the vessels

and the essential parts. This type of waste transfer gives renewable vitality and an

arrangement of other fabulous advantage.

Waste to Energy

Waste-to-Energy, moreover by and large saw by its short form, WtE, is the period of

essentialness as warmth or force from waste. Waste to imperativeness (WtE) methodology

incorporates changing over of non-recyclable waste things into usable warmth, power, or fuel

through a collection of strategies (Lundtorp et al, 2012). It can in like manner balancing so as

to diminish carbon outpourings the necessity for essentialness from fossil sources. This sort

of wellspring of essentialness is a renewable imperativeness source as non-recyclable waste

can be used over and over to make imperativeness.

A Generalisation of Waste Management in Australia

SUEZ's Managers who takes the responsibility to manage the Territory are prepared and

capable of making an exact finish a full wellbeing and hazard examination of the gathering

administration chose for your site which is closed down by you and the Territory Manager

before administration beginning SUEZ survey the clients' needs to focus the right

administration sort, holder size and accumulation recurrence for your site (Aguirre and Brida,

2014). The particular procedure guarantees that we comprehend your site necessity and that

the danger of harm or harm to property is reduced when we perform administrations as well

as related services.

The system of collection of the waste in Australia

There are several ways to collect the waste which are available in Australia. This report is

going to recommend the appropriate system for the collection of waste of Cruise Ship

Tourism Industry. Scantlebury (2007) states that the available systems are –

1) Front Lift System

2) Rear Lift System

3) Roll-On/Roll-Off (RORO)

4) The System of Compaction

Fig 3: Waste Management Types

Source: foundation.org, 2015

The Fleet Technology of Waste Collection

SUEZ always tries to utilise the SWIFT (SUEZ Working Intelligence For Trucks) [A] and

RAPID (Route And Productivity Information Delivery) technological progresses in its

vehicle naval force to screen accumulated weights, perceive canisters with their looking at

location and avow GPS time, date and vehicle ID of organization (Lighthouse-

foundation.org, 2015). These advances give present and appropriate information, enabling

our customers to about screen costs besides perceive new open entryways for reusing.

General waste got from kerbside or business premise aggregations, and from movements by

householders and little associations at a SITA which is famous a s the recovery centre of

Australia, is either taken care of at one of our Advanced Resource Recovery Technology

(ARRT) workplaces, which gives high rate results to resource recovery, or in the wake of

encountering some sort of benefit recovery method, misuse that can't be returned into the

circuitous economy is managed and tossed under sufficient regular conditions (Ec.europa.eu,

2015). This may consolidate exchange at one of SUEZ's assembled landfills.

Therefore, if we analyse the waste management is a general point of view, it is clear that the

economic as well as the technological progress of any economy is very much important for

the application of the waste management. According to Ogishi and Goldman (2001), the

country should be so advanced at its technical issues. Not only the technical issues, but also

the issues related to the capital to install a waste management plan in the whole economy

covering all the possible dimensions of the waste management should be present in Australia.

There are some political barriers too because some of the political parties or the ruling parties

don’t support the initiatives towards the waste management. Therefore, all the conditions

should be in the favour of the implantation of waste management plan in the whole economy.

A Brief Description of the Cruise Ship Tourism Industry of Australia

The Cruise Ship Tourism Industry of Australia is starting now to experience a very high

growth, and as an island nation, there is a need to abuse different access centres for trip ships

all over the Australia. Most of the world's driving trip lines fuse Australia in their activities.

Use in the adventure division continues rising with a normal 20.6 for each penny increase in

2012-2013 stood out from 2011-2012 (Yosemite.epa.gov, 2015). Further growth in the Cruise

Ship Tourism Industry of Australia, assessed at 17 for each penny, is normal for 2013-2014.

The Cruise Ship associations of Australia are looking to Australian plans in light of the fact

that they offer something new, empowering and remarkable. The excursion ships which visit

Australian ports range from the endeavour style (like Coral Sea Princess and Orion

Expedition Cruises) through to the mid-degree water crafts (worked by P&O Cruises

Australia and Holland America Line), to the uber pontoons (worked by Princess Cruises,

Cunard, Royal Caribbean and Celebrity Cruises), and the up-scale lines, (for instance,

Silversea and Seabourn) (Yosemite.epa.gov, 2015). Tourism industry of Australia is

incorporated into different activities in North America that especially concentrate on the

North American excursion as well as tourism market. This business segment holds the most

lifted rate of Cruise Ship Tourism Industry general and is the guideline target Cruise Ship

Tourism market for Australia. Tourism Australia is working with key industry accomplices,

for instance, Cruise Down Under and State Tourism Organizations to propel Australia as a

world-class Cruise Ship Tourism destination (Evans, Thompson, and Hattis, 2010).

The Economic Impact of Cruise Ship Tourism Industry of Australia

In this section the economic impact of the Cruise Ship Tourism Industry of Australia is going

to be discussed for the latest financial year on which the latest data and information is readily

available. The information and examination presented in the report ensures a predominant

cognizance of the size, advancement and money related imperativeness of the business to the

Australian economy to help with future indispensable organizing, endeavour and

developmental change. The study has been grasped for the advantage of Cruise Down Under

(CDU) with the support of Tourism Australia (Hlavinek, 2009).

The statistical findings of AEC Group of the financial year 2012 – 2013 has explored that

there is a very significant impact of the cruise shipping industry in the economic growth of

the country because a significant part of the total GDP is coming at a increasing rate per year

from this industry of Australia (Luck, Maher, and Stewart, 2010). The survey of this

organisation also provided the statistics that $2.06 billion is the total contribution of the

cruise shipping industry of Australia in the financial year of 2012 – 2013. An amount of

$1.23 billion was the direct expenditure part of the total contribution of cruise shipping

industry (Zoran, Djordje, and Jelena, 2013). The rate of growth of this industry is really

appreciable because the total output of the industry has increased in the financial year 2012 -

2013 by 20.6% than the previous financial year 2011 – 2012 (Speight and Singh, 2014).

According to Guisson and Van Dael (2013), the following summary is going to depict the

picture of growing trend of the industry from the financial year 2011 – 2012 to 2012 – 2013.

1) Rise in visiting cruise – by 43

2) Rise in crew capacity in the ships – by 4035

3) Rise in cruise ship passenger – by 7988

4) Rise in cruise ship visit – by 30 ports

The Economic Effect of Waste Management

As the statistics on the waste management or the waste tolls rise and obligation to regular

viability creates, boards of trustees and business endeavors are logically investigating courses

in which they can reduce exchange expenses and facilitate earth sensible waste organization

masterminds (Guisson, and Van Dael, 2013). There are several economic impact can be seen

in an economy if the processes of waste management is implemented in the economy. Not

only in the economy but also in all the microeconomic factors of an economy can apply the

proper strategy of waste management as per the requirement of the situation.

SUEZ means to boost up highly the volume of waste that is sent for reusing and asset

recuperation. On the other hand, it can be comprehended that occasionally there is waste that

can't be recuperated and it can be given as an answer for help (Haggar, 2007). SUEZ can treat

and discard general waste - otherwise called leftover or wet waste - for private clients,

business clients, and gathering clients. An initiative of Waste Management can benefit the

economy in several dimensions. The brief descriptions of these economic effects are as

follows –

1) The waste management services have expanded the market of services with the need of

approximately 60,000 industrial, residential and small commercial customers.

2) This waste management program can provide jobs to the citizens of Australia with the

creation of new jobs for approx 100 eligible families.

3) The programme may be responsible for purchases of huge amount of goods and services

annually.

The illustration of Landfills waste administration system can be thought seriously about in

such manner. On the little to gigantic social programs, the few sorts of people of Australia

can burn through a large number of dollars every year acquiring products and administrations

from nearby organizations (Andriotis and Agiomirgianakis, 2010). This incorporates

everything from providing food and printing administrations, to the substantial's buy

hardware and parts, to temporary worker benefits that are required to develop the landfill.

The waste management activities endorse conveying "naturally well disposed force

essentialness," including electric power and general gas. The waste management ventures

keep Australian economy strong by creating close $3 billion in yearly pay (Malik, Grohmann,

and Alves, 2012). The waste business of Australia pays for Growing Greener Program. These

tasks can make 31,800 occupations (10,800 particularly, 6,200 roundabout, and 14,800

provoked).

Initiative of Australian Government towards Waste Management

Tamworth Regional Council or TRC describes the waste management of Australia as the

initiative as well as philosophy or the association of activities that suit the amassing,

stockpiling, source segment, trade, taking care of, treatment, transportation, and exchange of

waste or its disposal (Susset and Grathwohl, 2011). There are various terms used as a piece of

a waste organization and with viability. For more information on waste wording or

reasonability definitions, please see the glossary of terms. The government of Australia has

implemented several laws related to the waste management condition in the country. These

are - Protection of the Environment Operations Act (1997); Local Government Act (1993);

and Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Act (2001) (Speight and Singh, 2014).

The objectives of Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Act (2001) are described in the

following way:

1) To give the assurance that the resource management opportunities can be utilised in the

following hierarchy –

a) Prevention of needless resource consumption

b) Resource revival

c) Clearance

2) For the encouragement of the best resourceful utilisation of the available resources and for

the reduction of the environmental damage according to the philosophy of ecological

development which is more sustainable (Evans, Thompson, and Hattis, 2010).

3) To reduce consumption level for the natural resources directly as much as possible the last

exchange of waste by engaging the avoidance of waste and the reuse and reusing of waste

materials (Lee and Ramdeen, 2013).

4) To get a proper integration between the resource management and waste management so

that the waste can be converted into proper resource and utilised properly (Sheppard, 2005).

The Waste Hierarchy

The waste chain or Hierarchy of significance is a summary of approaches to manage to

regulate waste to protect bunch resources and is sorted out altogether of the most appealing

decision to the base charming decision. The accompanying is a diagrammatic representation

of the hierarchy of leadership (Speight and Singh, 2014).

Fig 5: Waste Hierarchy

Source: Speight and Singh, 2014

The above figure has expressed the Waste Hierarchy which is very much applicable for the

Cruise Ship Tourism Industry of Australia. The collection of the waste and garbage is a very

common step towards the process of waste management. The first step which should be taken

after the collection of the waste and the garbage is to avoid the particular wastes which are

cannot be recycled at all. Therefore, the initial step will be to pluck the wastes and to make

separate counters for separates types of wastes which are going to take part of separate

resources (Lasserre, and Tatu, 2013). All the resources cannot be used for the purpose of new

production because cost of the wastes will cost very high to recycle that cannot be equated to

the production produced with the recycled goods. Therefore, the reduction of these types of

resources is very much important. The reuse of the wastes is the basic requirement of the

Waste Hierarchy. At the end the discussion will be regarding the disposal of the waste. It is

the base of the Waste Hierarchy. Exact disposal is very much important to conduct the above

steps properly.

Waste Management in Cruise Ship Tourism Industry of Australia

In the previous sections of the analysis there are some through dissuasion on the key pillars of

the report writing – the concept of waste management, the concept of Cruise Ship Tourism

Industry of Australia and the economic effects of waste management. The previous analysis

shows that the Cruise Ship Tourism Industry of Australia is growing at leaps and bounds

speed and therefore, the wastage produced by the industry is also growing at a good rate. The

words of Sheppard (2005) explores that the waste of this industry is causing the air pollution,

water pollution, soil pollution etc. in Australia which talks about the multi-dimensional

possibility of environmental pollution.

The government of Australia should concentrate on the waste management in the Cruise Ship

Tourism Industry of Australia too because there is a very high possibility to benefit the

economy from all dimensions. The possible beneficiary condition for the economy can be

described in the following way (Malik, Grohmann, and Alves, 2012).

Most of the waste of Cruise Ship Tourism Industry of Australia goes directly to the rivers and

oceans of Australia and pollute the water base of Australia directly. Not only Australia but

also the whole world is affected for this pollution. Therefore, the government should be

aware of the situation and should take proper steps accordingly. The waste management of

the industry can provide job opportunities to a very high number of unemployed employees.

Therefore, this can affect the total income, i. e., the GDP of the economy very positively. At

this point, if we consider the chain effect of the changes of economic variables then it is very

clear that an overall prosperity of the economy is possible (Lasserre, and Tatu, 2013).

Conclusion

In the above report it is very well explained that the waste management is widespread in the

whole economy of Australia. The waste management technology is very strongly supported

by the government of Australia in some of the economic sectors of the whole economy of

Australia. But there are several scopes of the waste management to be developed in other

sections of Australia too. In this particular report the main focus is the analysis of the Cruise

Ship Tourism Industry of Australia because it is one of the growing sections of Australia with

a very good contribution in the economic growth of the country (Malik, Grohmann and

Alves, 2012). The fact is that, the economic growth of any country should be sustainable so

that the growth can be converted into the economic development of Australia. Therefore, the

maintenance of the air and environmental condition of the economy is very much important

with the growth of the industry of Cruise Ship Tourism of Australia (Luck, Maher, and

Stewart, 2010).

At this situation the waste management of the Cruise Ship Tourism Industry of Australia

plays a vital role. But the focus of our analysis is not only the environmental stability of the

economy but also the economic stability of the country that can be affected by the application

of the waste management in the Cruise Ship Tourism Industry of Australia.